Exploring the stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales in a typical subtropical deciduous forest

Numerous efforts have been made to understand stemflow dynamics under different types of vegetation at the inter-event scale, but few studies have explored the stemflow characteristics and corresponding influencing factors at the intra-event scale. An in-depth investigation of the inter- and intra-event dynamics of stemflow is important for understanding the ecohydrological processes in forest ecosystems. In this study, stemflow volume (F_V), stemflow funnelling ratio (F_R), and stemflow ratio (F_%) from Quercus acutissima and Broussonetia papyrifera trees were measured at both inter- and intra-event scales in a subtropical deciduous forest, and the driving factors, including tree species and meteorological factors were further explored. Specifically, the F_V, F_R and F_% of Q. acutissima (52.3 L, 47.2, 9.6%) were lower than those of B. papyrifera (85.1 L, 91.2, 12.4%). The effect of tree species on F_V and F_% was more obvious under low intensity rainfall types. At the inter-event scale, F_V had a strong positive linear correlation with rainfall amount (G_P) and event duration (D_E) for both tree species, whereas F_R and F_% had a positive logarithmic correlation with G_P and D_E only under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type. F_R and F_% were mainly affected by wind speed and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity under low-intensity, long-duration rainfall type. At the intra-event scale, for both tree species, the mean lag time between the start of rainfall and stemflow was the shortest under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type, while the mean duration and amount of stemflow after rain cessation were the greatest under high-amount, long-duration rainfall type. The relationship between stemflow intensity and rainfall intensity at the 5-min interval scale also depended greatly on rainfall type. These findings can help clarify stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales, and also provide abundant data and parameters for ecohydrological simulations in subtropical forests.     

资源环境承载协调理论与评价方法

资源环境承载能力评价是进行国土空间规划和用途管控的基础性工作,越来越受到国家重视。在资源环境承载能力研究实践中,以自然资源环境系统及其与社会经济系统的关系为主要研究对象,创新性提出了"资源环境承载协调理论",并基于此理论初步建立了不同空间尺度的地质资源环境承载能力评价技术方法,构建了地质环境、地下水资源、矿产资源等不同资源环境要素的承载能力评价指标体系,包括承载本底评价指标和承载状态评价指标。规范了不同尺度的资源与环境承载能力评价流程,为有序推动全国、区域及市县尺度的自然单元和行政单元的地质资源环境承载能力评价工作提供了强有力的。     

赣南狮吼山硫铁多金属矿区花岗岩地球化学、年代学特征及其成因

狮吼山矿区是江西省内规模最大的矽卡岩型硫铁多金属矿床，伴生W、Cu、Au多种成矿元素，成矿作用与矿区出露的茶山迳复式花岗岩体有关。岩体主要包括茶山迳似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和莲湖细粒二长花岗岩两期，为研究成矿岩体的侵位时代、岩石成因及与成矿的关系，本次工作进行了U-Pb锆石定年、岩相学和岩石地球化学等测试分析。结果表明：岩体具有高硅、高钾、富铝的特征，属高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩；轻重稀土元素分馏明显，均为右倾型，弱Eu负异常，以富集Cs、Rb、Th、U、Pb，亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、和Ti等元素为主要特征，属于低Ba-Sr壳源花岗岩类；锆石具较好晶形，具典型岩浆锆石特征，利用LA-ICP-MS进行U-Pb测年，获得谐和年龄为（162.4±0.6）Ma（MSWD=1.8），加权平均年龄为（162.4±1.4）Ma（MSWD=1.4），谐和年龄与加权平均年龄在误差范围内高度一致，表明茶山迳复式岩体侵位于燕山早期中侏罗世；综合考虑岩体矿物组合、主微量元素及高分异特征，认为其成因分类应属于S型花岗岩；对比中国花岗岩成矿元素平均含量，茶山迳两期花岗岩均具有较高的W、Mo、Bi、Pb等成矿元素含量，可同时为成矿作用提供热源、流体及物质。     

基于空间插值的浙江省城市流时空演变特征研究

为了探寻发达省份内城市间相互作用的时空特征，该文以浙江省为样本单元，选取2005、2010年和2015年3个时间截面，采用反距离权重法和空间插值手段，从城市流强度视角展开了实证分析。结果表明：（1） 城市间的联系在不断加强，期间城市流强度值随时间的推移而整体得到提升，空间上由初始的“中心点”通过发展扩散向“中心域”转变，中心城市的辐射带动作用开始发挥成效。（2）结构上呈现出相对稳定的北高南低的分布格局，以杭州市为龙头，宁波为副核心，温州、绍兴、舟山为重要节点的多中心城市网络结构雏形初步形成。（3） 城市流强度的空间分异特征分析明显，但分异程度有了些许的改善，侧面说明空间上由初始的“中心点”通过发展扩散向“中心域”转变的基本观点。最后就浙江省如何加强省内城市间“流”的规模性、区域协调性和可持续性展开了讨论。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷天台区始新世平湖组风暴岩的发现及其地质意义

风暴岩对于古地理和古环境具有良好的指相意义。东海盆地西湖凹陷天台区始新世平湖组发育典型的风暴岩。通过详细的岩心观察，发育的风暴沉积标志主要有冲刷-充填构造、风暴撕扯构造和丘状-洼状交错层理构造等。根据风暴岩垂向上的组合特征及沉积构造差异，识别出了近源和远源两种风暴沉积类型，分别指示了不同的沉积背景：近源风暴岩表现为不完整的风暴岩垂向沉积序列，呈风暴砾屑层段（A）+泥岩段（E）叠加，为潮坪潮下带沉积；远源风暴岩具完整和不完整的风暴岩垂向沉积序列，以粒序段（B）+平行层理段（C）+丘状（洼状）层理段（D）叠加为特征，属浅海陆棚沉积。风暴层序自下而上沉积环境为浅海陆棚→潮坪，风暴岩的分布差异表明形成环境向上变浅的沉积特征。该发现为本区古环境的演变提供了重要依据。     

New photometric investigation of the low-mass-ratio contact binary star V1853 Orionis

Four-color charge-coupled device(CCD) light curves in the B, V, Rc and I c bands of the totaleclipsing binary system V1853 Orionis(V1853 Ori) are presented. By comparing our light curves with those published by previous investigators, it is determined that the O'Connell effect on the light curves has disappeared. By analyzing those multi-color light curves with the Wilson-Devinney code(W-D code),it is discovered that V1853 Ori is an A-type intermediate-contact binary with a degree of contact factor of f = 33.3%(3.7%) and a mass ratio of q = 0.1896(0.0013). Combining our 10 newly determined times of light minima together with others published in the literature, the period changes of the system are investigated. We found that the general trend of the observed minus calculated(O-C) curve shows a downward parabolic variation that corresponds to a long-term decrease in the orbital period with a rate of d P/dt =-1.96(0.46)×10~(-7) d yr~(-1). The long-term period decrease could be explained by mass transfer from the more-massive component to the less-massive one. By combining our photometric solutions with data from Gaia DR_2, absolute parameters were derived as M_1 = 1.20 M⊙, M_2 = 0.23 M⊙, R_1 = 1.36 R⊙and R_2 = 0.66 R⊙. The long-term period decrease and intermediate-contact configuration suggest that V1853 Ori will evolve into a high fill-out overcontact binary.     

海洋资源开发与海洋工程地质——第二届国际海洋工程地质学术研讨会(ISMEG 2019)总结

2019年10月18~20日,第二届国际海洋工程地质学术研讨会(ISMEG 2019)在中国大连成功召开。本次研讨会是在国际工程地质与环境协会(IAEG)架构下由海洋工程地质委员会(C34)主办,海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室(大连理工大学)承办的全球性海洋工程地质学术研讨会。研讨会以"海洋资源开发与海洋工程地质"为主题,针对海洋土工程性质、海洋地质灾害与工程防护、海洋工程地质原位勘测、监测与试验模拟、海洋资源开发水动力环境与作用、海床沉积物和天然气水合物开采、海洋工程结构基础、海流-结构-海床相互作用等7个专题设置了10个特邀报告、21个主题报告及71个学术报告。作为国内外海洋工程地质研究者交流、分享、合作、创新的平台,国际海洋工程地质学术研讨会二度在我国召开,是对我国海洋工程地质学科快速发展的肯定,同时也对我国海洋工程地质研究取得高水平成果和成果转化提出了更高要求。     

超慢速扩张环境下超镁铁质岩系统的热液硫化物成矿机理以及启示

西南印度洋63.5°E热液区是在超慢速扩张洋脊发现的首个超镁铁质岩热液系统。对取自该区的热液硫化物样品进行了系统的矿物学和地球化学分析，矿物学分析结果表明:该热液区硫化物为富Fe型高温硫化物，且经历了较深程度的氧化蚀变，大量中间态的Fe氧化物充填在硫化物矿物间的孔隙及内部解理中；这些硫化物相以白铁矿为主，其次是等轴古巴矿和少量铜蓝，缺乏黄铁矿、闪锌矿。据推断，该区的热液成矿作用分为4个阶段:低温白铁矿阶段→高温等轴古巴矿阶段→自形白铁矿阶段→后期海底风化阶段（少量铜蓝以及大量的Fe的羟氧化物）。与之相对应，地球化学分析结果表明这些硫化物的Fe含量较高（31.57%~44.59%），Cu含量次之（0.16%~7.24%），而Zn含量普遍较低（0.01%~0.11%）；微量元素较为富集Co（328×10-6~2 400×10-6）和Mn（48.5×10-6~1 730×10-6）。该区硫化物中较高含量的Fe、Co与超镁铁质岩热液系统相似，明显高于镁铁质岩热液系统。独特的热液硫化物矿物学特征和元素组成可能与该区普遍出露的地幔岩、橄榄岩蛇纹石化作用以及拆离断层的广泛发育的环境有关。     

Spatial patterns in natural <Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea crassifolia</Emphasis> forests of northwestern China,as basis for close-to-nature forestry

Close-to-nature forest management has been proposed as an effective method for improving the quality of plantation forests. Knowledge of spatial distribution patterns, structure, and succession trajectories in natural forests can provide guidelines for the establishment of close-to-nature forest plantations. Such knowledge is lacking in natural spruce (Picea crassifolia) forests in the Qilian Mountains of China, impeding the establishment of production forests. We conducted a case study in the Qilian Mountains to analyze the relationships between the naturally-formed forest patches and terrain factors, spatial heterogeneity of stand characteristics, and stand structure following harvesting disturbance. Our results suggested that spruce plantations will be effective on the N, NE, and NW slopes, at elevations between 2700 and 3300 m, and on slopes ranging from 15° to 45°. Further, planted forest patches should occupy 64% of the slope area on semi-shady slopes (NE, NW). Spatial patterns in the studied forest exhibited a strong scale-effect, and an area of 0.25 ha could be used as the most efficient plot scale for the management of spruce plantations. Partial logging is an effective method for the conversion of spruce planted forests into nearnatural forests, and the intensity of partial logging can be determined from the negative exponential function relationship between stand density and DBH. Our results provided critical information for the development of spruce plantations and conversion of existing plantations.     

广西土壤有机质空间变异特征及其影响因素研究

基于广西第二次土壤普查的270个土壤剖面资料,结合1∶50万数字化土壤类型图、土地利用类型图和气象监测数据等资料,利用地统计学和逐步回归分析等方法对广西表层土壤有机质空间变异特征及其影响因素进行了探究。结果表明：广西表层土壤有机质平均含量为3.11±2.19%,变异系数为70.72%,空间分布呈北高南低的趋势。广西表层土壤有机质空间分布受到自然和人为因素的共同影响,土壤类型、成土母质、海拔、土地利用、气候和坡度6个环境因子对全区土壤有机质含量变异的综合解释能力为47.9%。其中,土壤类型是最重要的影响因素,能独立解释其变异的36.0%,海拔和成土母质分别能独立解释28.5%和15.8%。气温对广西土壤有机质空间分布的影响比降水量更加显著,从而造成了广西土壤有机质整体呈南低北高的趋势。同时,土壤有机质对气温的敏感性在一定程度上受到降雨量的制约。此外,研究区农业耕作管理等因素对土壤有机质的影响也不容忽视。